目录：
太长不看
河豚是日本的人气美味，但它的皮肤和内脏（尤其是卵巢和肝脏）含有剧毒神经毒素，会麻痹心脏，而且没有解药。所以河豚必须由持证的专业厨师来处理，想尝的话一定去正规餐厅，千万别自己乱弄。河豚（日语：河豚）是一种河豚鱼，它的身体部分具有极强的毒性。或许正因为如此，它在日本才如此受欢迎？不过，河豚的味道据说也非常美味！我曾经在寿司中吃过河豚，不过感觉味道并不明显。听说在汤中，河豚的味道尤为鲜美。
河豚的季节是每年十月至二月。不过，最美味的河豚其实是在一月至二月之间。它的肉质紧实，蛋白质含量高，脂肪比其他白肉鱼少。以前主要是捕捞野生河豚食用，但现在有许多河豚养殖场。专门培育的养殖河豚越来越受欢迎，因为一方面它价格更便宜，另一方面也比野生河豚更安全。河豚的毒素会根据食物组成在体内产生，饮食不同，毒素的强度也不同。
The image is a German-language table comparing the toxicity of different fugu (pufferfish) species by body part. It has 18 rows, one per species, each showing the scientific name (for example *Takifugu rubripes*) next to its Japanese name (Torafugu). The header explains the color code: green means a part is safe to eat, yellow means only partly allowed, red means not allowed. The three toxicity columns cover Hoden (testes), Haut (skin), and Muskelfleisch (muscle meat). Most muscle meat cells are green, which reflects why the fish is eaten at all, but the skin column is dotted with red "sehr giftig" (highly toxic) entries, especially across the Takifugu species. A few rows stand out: Nashifugu (*Takifugu vermicularis*) has skin marked "tödlich" (lethal), Komonfugu has highly toxic testes, and Kanafugu (*Lagocephalus inermis*) and Torafugu are green across all three parts, making them the safest choices. Yellow cells with footnote references mark a handful of exceptions where edibility depends on preparation or specific conditions.
The image is a German-language table comparing the toxicity of different fugu (pufferfish) species by body part. It has 18 rows, one per species, each showing the scientific name (for example *Takifugu rubripes*) next to its Japanese name (Torafugu). The header explains the color code: green means a part is safe to eat, yellow means only partly allowed, red means not allowed. The three toxicity columns cover Hoden (testes), Haut (skin), and Muskelfleisch (muscle meat).
Most muscle meat cells are green, which reflects why the fish is eaten at all, but the skin column is dotted with red "sehr giftig" (highly toxic) entries, especially across the Takifugu species. A few rows stand out: Nashifugu (*Takifugu vermicularis*) has skin marked "tödlich" (lethal), Komonfugu has highly toxic testes, and Kanafugu (*Lagocephalus inermis*) and Torafugu are green across all three parts, making them the safest choices. Yellow cells with footnote references mark a handful of exceptions where edibility depends on preparation or specific conditions.
图片中的可见文字
| Name | | Giftigkeit / zum Verzehr erlaubt (grün = ja, gelb = teilweise, rot = nein) | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| **Wissenschaftlich** | **Japanisch** | **Hoden** | **Haut** | **Muskelfleisch** |
| Takifugu chrysops | Akamefugu | ungiftig | sehr giftig | ungiftig |
| Lagocephalus inermis | Kanafugu | ungiftig | ungiftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu chinensis | Karasu | ungiftig | ungiftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu niphobles | Kusafugu | schwach giftig | sehr giftig | schwach giftig |
| Lagocephalus gloveri | Kurosabafugu | ungiftig | ungiftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu stictonotus | Gomafugu | ungiftig | schwach giftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu poecilonotus | Komonfugu | sehr giftig | sehr giftig | schwach giftig[Anm. 1] |
| Takifugu flavidus | Sansaifugu | schwach giftig | sehr giftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu xanthopterum | Shimafugu | ungiftig | ungiftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu snyderi | Shōsaifugu | ungiftig | sehr giftig | ungiftig |
| Lagocephalus wheeleri | Shirosabafugu | ungiftig | ungiftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu rubripes | Torafugu | ungiftig | ungiftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu vermicularis[7] | Nashifugu | ungiftig[Anm. 2] | tödlich | ungiftig[Anm. 3] |
| Takifugu pardalis | Higanfugu | schwach giftig | sehr giftig | ungiftig[Anm. 4] |
| Takifugu porphyreus | Mafugu | ungiftig | sehr giftig | ungiftig |
| Takifugu obscurus | Mefugu | ungiftig | sehr giftig | ungiftig |
| Sphoeroides pachygaster | Yoritofugu | ungiftig | ungiftig | ungiftig |
来源： https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugu
河豚的危险之处在哪里？
河豚鱼的皮肤和内脏都含有毒素，其中卵巢和肝脏的毒素最多。在日本，鱼肝一般是常见的食材，但在河豚的皮和器官中含有一种神经毒素，一旦食用会立即致命，因为它会使神经和肌肉瘫痪——包括心脏。目前还没有解毒剂可用！顺便说一句：雄性河豚的精巢是无毒的，因此被认为是美味珍馐！
由于过去有很多人因处理不当食用河豚而丧命，日本政府现在严格监管河豚的流通和烹饪。提供河豚料理的餐厅和厨师必须有专门的许可证，这只有通过培训课程才能获得，并且课程最后还要通过考试。只有持有官方许可证的人，才能购买和加工生河豚。对于河豚内脏的处理也有严格规定。多亏了这些法律，日本因河豚中毒的死亡率已经几乎降到零。
河豚料理
河豚可以生吃做成刺身。食用时一般将河豚切成极薄的片，几乎透明。用筷子夹取五到十片河豚刺身，蘸上酱油食用。当然，河豚也可以油炸，叫做Karaage（我们博客上也有鸡肉版Karaage的做法）。河豚还可以做成火锅（Nabe）——据说这样吃肉质尤为细嫩！
评论
我在哪里可以买到它？
Hallo Melanie, 河豚在德国非常难买到，而且我也没有相关经验，到目前为止也没在德国买过。在日本，由于很多人拥有许可证，河豚有时甚至可以在普通超市买到。 此致 Ryusei